Journal: Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)

Article Title: Direct Electrical Stimulation of Premotor Areas: Different Effects on Hand Muscle Activity during Object Manipulation

doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz139

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) 1: schematic representation of HMt execution. 2, 3 and 4: examples of EMG activity from the muscles recorded during HMt execution (APB; FDI; EDC) in 3 different patients. On the right side of each muscle, activity is shown by the level of autocorrelation of the fundamental frequency extracted by the EMG envelope. On the EMG activity of each muscle, the vertical green dashed line indicates the time in which the patient approached the object (shaping). The time between green vertical dashed lines indicates the time required by each patient to shape the fingers immediately before the contact with the object, to grasp it, to rotate it and turning back to the initial shaping phase. ( B ) 1: Cortical distribution of the effective (red) and ineffective (black) sites on the 3D FSAverage template overlapped with functional subdivision of the motor (BA4 upper limb (BA4ul) in dashed gray line, ) and dPM (in dashed blue line, ) and vPM (in dashed yellow line, ). 2: The same template shows the sampling density of stimulated sites within the investigated areas.

Article Snippet: In compliance with the clinical procedure the EMG activity of all muscles, including the muscles selected for the study, was recorded during HMt (ISIS, INOMED, sampling rate 2000 Hz, notch filter at 50 Hz).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Muscles, Functional Assay, Sampling

Journal: Frontiers in Digital Health

Article Title: Promoting active participation in robot-aided rehabilitation via machine learning and impedance control

doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1559796

Figure Lengend Snippet: Raw data collected during the second experimental session, including the ALP estimated in real-time for a representative EG participant. The plots display the robot’s position along the z -axis ( p a z ), the EMG signals, the normalized pressure data ( P ), and the estimated ALP. The timeline highlights key phases: demonstration recording ( t ≤ t R ), baseline calculation ( t R < t ≤ t B ), and the adaptive experimental phase ( t > t B ) where the robot dynamically reacts to ALP. Notably, the participant exhibited an increasing ALP during the adaptive phase compared to the baseline phase. This increase is derived from changes in the EMG and pressure signals, which reflect the participant’s heightened engagement as the robot became responsive to the estimated ALP. This result highlights the effectiveness of the adaptive control strategy in fostering active participation.

Article Snippet: EMG signals from the biceps brachii are recorded using a Cometa Mini Wave Infinity system (Cometa Srl, Bareggio, Italy) at a sampling rate of 2 kHz.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control